An approach to manufacturing aiming at eliminating or reducing activities which do not add value from the customer’s point of view.
Benefits of Lean manufacturing
The benefits of Lean manufacturing for the company are:
Increase in customer satisfaction because of reduced lead time.
Increase in stock turns because of reduced WIP.
Increase in quality because of "right first time" policy.
Increase in flexibility because of well trained and motivated workforce.
The benefits of Lean manufacturing for the workforce are:
Improved working conditions.
Improved work satisfaction through involvement.
Improved job security because of better competitiveness.
Background to Lean manufacturing
Some of the ideas of Lean manufacturing go back a long time. For instance, when Henry Ford started to build his famous Ford Model T at the beginning of the 20th century, he incorporated the ideas of standardised parts and assembly lines in his production system, principles which can still be found in Lean manufacturing. Another influential figure in the development of Lean manufacturing was Dr Deming, an American professor and consultant. He taught Japanese top management how to improve design, product quality, testing and sales. Taiichi Ohno at Toyota is widely credited with building on these and similar principles to develop the Toyota Production System which is better known today as Lean production.
Although Lean manufacturing uses some aspects of mass production it rejects others. Both mass production and Lean manufacturing break down the manufacturing process into individual tasks. In mass production they can be very small and prescribed by someone who is not working on the job. Lean manufacturing acknowledges the experience of the operator who is actually doing the task by asking him to document the best way of performing his task in a standard operation. He is also trained in the tasks coming immediately before and after his so that he is flexible enough to be able to move to where the need is greater.
With the help of operators the whole production is streamlined to achieve minimum WIP, minimum lead time as well as maximum quality and flexibility. The supervisor becomes the team leader, i.e. going from telling the operators what to do, to asking them how he can support them. This means that the operators have to be properly trained and given plenty of information in order to make the right decisions.
Core themes of Lean manufacturing
The top priority of Lean manufacturing is the elimination of waste. Well-motivated teams and good communication support this aim. These pillars are based on the five principles of Lean manufacturing:
Value: Who defines value?
The value stream: What is 'the value stream'?
Flow: How can we make what flow?
Pull: What is a pull system?
Perfection: Why not aim for things that 'will do'?
Seven types of waste
Overproduction
Defects
Unnecessary inventory
Inappropriate processing
Excessive transportation
Waiting
Unnecessary motion
The Lean manufacturing house
Some Lean manufacturing tools
5S: This is an abbreviation which refers to five Japanese words that describe standardized workplace organisation. It has been translated into English also using five expressions starting with an ‘S’.
Sorting out: The first step of the 5S programme looks at all items at a work station and asks whether they are needed for day-to-day use or can be moved to a more appropriate location.
Setting in order: This step aims at arranging the work station and its associated tools, equipment and inventory in the optimal location.
Shining and Sweeping: The aim of this step is that everything is in tip-top condition and ready to use.
Standardising: The goal of standardisation is to keep everything in “Chief Executive’s visit” state at all times. The idea is that it is easier to keep something going than starting it after it has fallen into disuse.
Sustaining: The final step is to sustain the 5S programme. That is to say you should to go through the first four steps on a continual basis to improve your work area and to further cut down on waste.
Standard Operation: A standard operation uses the best method currently known of executing a specific task. This means that the right levels of quality, delivery and safety are consistently achieved.
PFA (Process flow analysis): This is a mapping tool for analyzing and improving the process flows of materials and information.
SMED (Single minute exchange of dies): Often it is referred to as quick changeover (changeover means converting a manufacturing process from running the current product to running the next product). As many other Lean manufacturing tools this was also developed by Toyota with the aim of quickly exchanging dies in stamping machines. The aim was to exchange dies within less then 10 minutes. Hence, the name 'single minute exchange of dies'.
Process flow analysis This is a mapping tool for analyzing and improving the process flows of materials and information.
1
3-8
£600
Std Ops
Standard operations Learn how to document the best and safest method currently known.
1
3-8
£600
Kaizen
Kaizen and 7 Tools Learn about the background of Kaizen and its importance. Understand how the PDCA cycle works and study tools to assist you to record quality related measurements.
1
3-8
£600
SMED
Single minute exchange of die or quick change over Learn about the background of SMED, its principles and how to apply them.
1
3-8
£600
Cell
Cellular manufacturing Learn how to map out and analyse the current state. Develop a future state map and an action plan. Receive implementation support to put your action plan into practice. Assess future state and learn how 5S can help you to make continuous improvements.
4
5-8
£2400
Full
Full Lean implementation package This is a bespoke package. The outline given here is an example which may be applicable to manufacturing organisation with up to 20 people. Preparatory visit, Lean manufacturing workshop (probably twice), PFA with flow action plan, 5S and probably standard operations. This package comes with full implementation support.
(8) only indicative
(up to 12) only indicative
(£4800) only indicative
Notes: Fees may change without prior notice. Implementation support only included where indicated, otherwise additional fees are required.